Optimal Operation of Stand-Alone Microgrid Considering Emission Issues and Demand Response Program Using Whale Optimization Algorithm

Microgrids are new technologies for integrating renewable energies into power systems. Optimal operation of energy sources in standalone micro-grids is an intensive task due to the continuous variation their output powers and intermittant nature. This work addresses optimum independent microgrid considering demand response program (DRP). An management model with two different scenarios has been proposed minimize costs emissions. Interruptible/curtailable loads considered DRPs. Besides, growing concern developing efficient optimization methods algorithms line increasing needs microgrids, focus this study on using whale meta-heuristic algorithm microgrids. The findings indicate that outperforms other known such as imperialist competitive genetic algorithms, well particle swarm optimization. Furthermore, results show use DRPS a significant impact